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Ferns and Horsetails (Monilophytes)
Clubmosses and Quillworts (Lycophytes)
Polystichum aculeatum  •  Hard Shield Fern
Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth; P.lobatum (Huds) C.Presl; Hard Shield Fern
Hard Shield Fern, Cumbria, early July
Part of single frond. Oxfordshire, late October Pinnae. Oxfordshire, late October
Detail of pinnae. W Scotland (Main Argyll), early August Pinnules. Oxfordshire, late October
Pinnules. W Scotland (Main Argyll), early August Pinnules. W Scotland (Main Argyll), early August
Detail of pinnae. Oxfordshire, July Very young plant. Oxfordshire, late October
Immature fronds. Compare with Polystichum lonchitis. In limestone pavement, Cumbria, early July Detail of immature frond. Compare with Polystichum lonchitis. In limestone pavement, Cumbria, early July
Young plant. In limestone pavement, Yorkshire, late July Yorkshire, late July
In limestone pavement, Cumbria, early July In limestone pavement, Cumbria, early July
In limestone pavement, Cumbria, early July In limestone pavement, Cumbria, early July
In deep shade on the side of a ditch. Oxfordshire, late October Oxfordshire, July
City fern. Oxford, late July W Scotland (Main Argyll), early August
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